A California vine goes through a cycle on a yearly basis. Once it is harvested (the grapes have been picked), the leaves will fall to the ground leaving the vine only. The vine is protected from the cold during the winter months which is when it goes through a dormant stage. Pruning determines the quantity of foliage and fruit that the vine will produce. The grape grower controls the amount of grapes grown on each vine by either wanting the plant to yield fewer grapes which is thought to produce higher quality grapes or by producing more grapes to produce more wine; quality versus quantity. The pruning process also determines how the vines will grow.
Once the winter months are over and it is early spring, bud break occurs. This is when the first sign of growth appears on the vine for the new season. In late spring, after bud break, flowers will start to bloom. This stage is called flowering.
Set will occur in late spring or early summer. This is when tiny bunches of green grapes are visible on the vine. Some leaves may be removed to expose the grapes to sunlight. The trellis wires may be adjusted to guide the direction of the vine for optimal quality.
In late summer, early fall during veraison, the grapes will start to show their true color. If they are white grapes, they will turn a yellow-green color and if they are red grapes, you will see a purple or deep purple color. It is at this time where you might see some grape bunches on the ground. This is done on purpose to control the quality of grapes that are left on the vine. Attention needs to be focused on developing grape bunches with a more concentrated flavor. However, if eaten at this time, the grapes will taste very sour. They may not be ready for harvest.
Maturity is the stage that everyone has been waiting for. Fall is the busiest time of year for grape growers. The grapes are less acidic and sweeter tasting. The weather becomes a factor. Acidity and sugar levels will be measured to determine the optimal time for harvesting the grapes. However, the grapes also need to be ripe so that they actually taste like their varietal.
Harvesting takes place when the grapes are perfect and ready for the picking. Hopefully there have been no torrential rains or bad weather that has affected the harvest. If all is well, you have a perfectly balanced grape that tastes and looks like it should.
I would love to hear your nice comments.
Bon Vin!
Veronica
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